Turkey is a country where ancient history and modern culture coexist in perfect harmony. With its deep-rooted past, stunning architecture, and captivating tales, Turkey attracts millions of visitors each year. Whether you’re a history buff or just someone looking to explore, the country’s historical landmarks will transport you through centuries of civilization.
Here’s a list of 10 must-visit historical places in Turkey and where to find them:
1. Ephesus (Selçuk, Izmir)
Located near the town of Selçuk in the Izmir Province, Ephesus was an ancient Greek city that flourished under Roman rule. It was a major port and commercial center. Walk along its ancient streets, admire the Library of Celsus, and take in the grandeur of the Great Theatre.
Tip: Visit the souvenir shops near the exit gates for handmade Turkish goods.
2. Aizanoi (Çavdarhisar, Kütahya)
Located in the province of Kütahya, Aizanoi was one of the most important cities of the Roman Empire. It’s known for the Temple of Zeus, one of the best-preserved Roman temples in Turkey, as well as the Stadium-Theatre Complex.
Must-see: Check out the Macellum (an ancient marketplace) and the museum in nearby Kütahya.
3. Antalya Museum (Antalya)
Situated in the Mediterranean city of Antalya, this museum is one of the largest and most comprehensive in Turkey. It offers a look into the rich history of the Mediterranean and Pamphylia regions, with exhibits ranging from prehistoric times to the Ottoman period.
Tip: The open-air gallery is especially worth visiting, showcasing large statues and artifacts.
4. Aphrodisias (Geyre, Aydın)
Located in the Aydın province, Aphrodisias was a city dedicated to Aphrodite, the goddess of love. Its well-preserved ruins, including the Temple of Aphrodite and Sebasteion, offer visitors a glimpse into the grandeur of ancient Greek and Roman times.
Tip: Spring and autumn are the best times to visit, as the winter bus schedule can be sparse.
5. Side (Manavgat, Antalya)
On Turkey’s southern coast, near Manavgat in the Antalya region, lies the ancient city of Side. This former Greek colony is now a bustling tourist spot with historical treasures like the Temple of Apollo, the Aspendos Theatre, and Roman baths.
Tip: Don’t miss out on adventurous activities like parasailing or scuba diving while you’re here.
6. Anadoluhisarı (Istanbul)
Located on the Asian side of Istanbul, along the Bosphorus, Anadoluhisarı is the oldest Turkish structure in the city. Built by the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I in the late 14th century, this fortress served as a strategic stronghold. While the inner fortress is closed to the public, the outer walls are open for exploration.
Tip: Enjoy the scenic views of the Bosphorus while exploring the area.
7. The Blue Mosque (Istanbul)
One of the most iconic historical landmarks in Istanbul, the Blue Mosque (or Sultan Ahmed Mosque) is a stunning example of Ottoman architecture. Located in the heart of the city near Sultanahmet Square, it’s still an active mosque and open to visitors outside of prayer times.
Tip: Behind the mosque, you’ll find the Arasta Bazaar, perfect for picking up souvenirs.
8. Alanya Castle (Alanya, Antalya)
Perched on a peninsula in the city of Alanya on the southern coast, Alanya Castle offers stunning views of the Mediterranean Sea. This ancient castle was originally a defensive stronghold but is now an open-air museum.
Tip: Be sure to visit the small artisan shops within the castle that sell locally made crafts and textiles.
9. Topkapi Palace (Istanbul)
Located in Istanbul, near the Bosphorus Strait, Topkapi Palace was the primary residence of Ottoman sultans for nearly 400 years. Explore its lavish halls, beautiful courtyards, and impressive collections of art and artifacts.
Tip: To make the most of your visit, hire a guide or use an audio guide to fully understand the palace’s rich history.
10. Anzac Cove (Gallipoli Peninsula, Çanakkale)
On the Gallipoli Peninsula in Çanakkale, Anzac Cove is one of the most significant World War I sites in Turkey. It was the landing site for the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) during the Gallipoli Campaign. Today, it serves as a place of remembrance for those who fought and died in the battle.
Tip: Visit the nearby war memorials and cemeteries to gain a deeper understanding of the area’s historical importance.
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